Durante el cuarto trimestre de 2024, la economía de Estados Unidos presentó una desaceleración en su crecimiento, aumentando a un ritmo anualizado del 2.3%, una bajada en comparación con el 3.1% registrado el trimestre anterior. Este enfriamiento se produjo a pesar de un fuerte gasto de los consumidores, que creció a una tasa del 4.2% en el mismo lapso de tiempo.
In the fourth quarter of 2024, the United States economy experienced a deceleration in growth, expanding at an annualized rate of 2.3%, a decline from the 3.1% observed in the previous quarter. This slowdown occurred despite robust consumer spending, which surged at a 4.2% rate during the same period.
Consumer Spending Remains Strong
Elementos que Contribuyen a la Desaceleración
Diversos factores influyeron en la tasa de crecimiento moderada:
Several elements contributed to the moderated growth rate:
Inflación y Política Monetaria
La inflación se mantuvo por encima del objetivo del 2% de la Reserva Federal, con el índice de precios de gastos de consumo personal (PCE), excluyendo alimentos y energía, aumentando un 0.1% en noviembre y un 2.8% en los 12 meses hasta noviembre. Las presiones inflacionarias elevadas han llevado a la Reserva Federal a prever menos recortes en las tasas de interés este año, manteniendo un enfoque prudente en la política monetaria.
Inflation remained above the Federal Reserve’s 2% target, with the personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index, excluding food and energy, rising 0.1% in November and 2.8% over the 12 months through November. Elevated inflation pressures have led the Federal Reserve to project fewer interest rate cuts this year, maintaining a cautious approach to monetary policy.
Labor Market Dynamics
The labor market demonstrated resilience, with nonfarm payrolls increasing by 154,000 jobs in December, following a surge of 227,000 in November. The unemployment rate remained steady at 4.2%, indicating a stable employment environment. However, the services sector experienced a slowdown, with the Institute for Supply Management’s nonmanufacturing purchasing managers index slipping to 52.1 in November from 56.0 in October, suggesting a moderation in service-related activities.
Outlook for 2025
Looking ahead, economists anticipate that the U.S. economy will continue to face challenges such as persistent inflation and potential trade disruptions. The Federal Reserve’s monetary policy decisions will play a crucial role in navigating these challenges, with a focus on balancing efforts to manage inflation while sustaining economic growth. Consumer spending is expected to remain a key driver, but its sustainability will depend on factors such as wage growth and employment stability.